Local Authorized Representative (LAR)
The mandatory Local Authorized Representative (LAR) requirement for foreign manufacturers — roles, responsibilities, selection criteria, and key risks.
Setting Up a PT PMA
How foreign manufacturers can establish a wholly or majority foreign-owned company (PT PMA) in Indonesia to hold their own IDAK and NIE.
Neutral Licence Holder
Using an independent third-party licence holder to register devices in Indonesia — the strategic benefits of separating NIE ownership from commercial distribution.
Letter of Authorization (LoA)
Requirements for the Letter of Authorization (LoA) appointing an Indonesian LAR — validity, legalisation, common rejection reasons, and best practices.